Lighting in photography is intricately linked with the exposure triangle, which consists of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. Aperture, measured in f-stops, regulates the size of the lens opening, controlling both the amount of light entering the camera and the depth of field in the image. Shutter speed determines how long the camera's shutter remains open, affecting the amount of light hitting the sensor and the depiction of motion in the photograph. ISO measures the sensor's sensitivity to light, with higher ISO values enabling photography in low-light conditions but potentially introducing digital noise. Together, these elements allow photographers to manipulate light to achieve desired exposures and creative effects, adapting to diverse lighting situations while maintaining control over image quality and visual impact.

Composition refers to the arrangement of elements within the frame of the photograph. It involves considering the placement, positioning, and framing of subjects or objects to create visually appealing and engaging images. Key aspects of composition include the rule of thirds, leading lines, symmetry, framing, and balance. A well-composed photograph draws the viewer's attention to the main subject or focal point and guides their eyes around the image in a deliberate and pleasing manner.